Great second jobs for Baby Boomers

Extraordinary second occupations for Baby Boomers On the off chance that you’re one of the enormous flood of Baby Boomers coming to (or effectively past) retirement age, you might be contemplating the following period of your life. For some, proceeding to work is a budgetary need. For other people, it’s about remaining expertly dynamic without a similar 9-to-5 granulate. In the event that you’re searching for approaches to remain dynamic and stay procuring, here are some second-stage vocations to consider. 5 extraordinary second employments for Baby BoomersTeach what you knowOne of the advantages of arriving at the finish of your first vocation is that you have loads of mastery and experience developed. What preferred to do over offer that ability and get paid for it? Numerous nearby junior colleges, proceeding with training programs, or online schools can generally utilize qualified instructors who have adaptable timetables. Or then again you could think about substitute instructing. Check with your neighborhoo d school locale to perceive what their necessities are, yet numerous states don’t require substitute educators to have a particular instructing degree.Be a consultantIf you’ve got many years of involvement with a specific field, counseling can be an approach to progress from the all day working world to one where you set your own calendar and compensation. Many Baby Boomers end up in a situation to accomplish work for their previous organizations, and others extend their business to take on new customers. Perhaps the greatest upside of counseling is that it lets you take the abilities and experience you have and use it to make another business for yourself.Build a business out of a hobbyIf you wind up with additional time after retirement, you may see that what utilized as a side interest would now be able to be a gainful side hustle. Presently like never before, individuals are searching out remarkable or craftsman merchandise, so it might be an ideal opportunity to i ncrease that home carpentry shop or set up that Etsy store.  With an assortment of approaches to sell products and enterprises web based, something you’ve consistently accomplished for no particular reason can make for a satisfying and beneficial next influx of your career.Make the world a superior placeAfter all, the Baby Boomers are the age of Woodstock and ’60s social equity. Working for a not-for-profit can be an approach to prop that social vision up, while remaining expertly dynamic. Not-for-profits come in all shapes and sizes, so there’s likely one in your general vicinity that fits with your perspective and your priorities.Many Baby Boomers additionally find that chipping in and offering back to the network is an approach to make another rush of efficiency. Like counseling, chipping in gains by your abilities, experience, and time to help others.Find a franchiseOwning an instant establishment can be an extraordinary method to fabricate a business with out building it starting from the earliest stage. Franchisees can regularly be as included or hands-on as they need to be, straightforwardly dealing with the business or being the supervisor from a separation. It’s additionally an approach to learn new sides of a business, regardless of whether it’s food administration, a retail location, or other endeavor. The current marking and commercial center can slide the change into another field, making it perfect for somebody searching for a next stage rather than a beginning over.Whatever your inclinations and qualities, there are a lot of choices and open doors for building a subsequent salary, creating aptitudes, or occupying the time after you’ve progressed away from your first profession.

Various Leadership Practice Styles

Tibet Unique The reason for this paper is to give an engaging record of the present abominations being executed by the Communist Chinese in the unlawfully involved province of Tibet and the occasions, political and aggressor, that offered ascend to these occasions since Communist Invasion and occupation in 1959. I intend to give a short portrayal of the political, lawful, and military issues just as the human rights infringement that have happened since 1959. This paper will pass on my profound hatred towards human affliction, particularly annihilation and the impassive reaction to it, the most elevated monstrosity of man as I would like to think. Realities about Tibet. 14,000 feet above ocean level, high in the Himalayan Mountains lies Tibet, an involved settlement of the Peoples Republic of China. This little state comprises of 6,000,000 Tibetans, 99% of whom illicitly practice Tibetan Buddhism, called Mahatlayan, and a dubious number of Chinese settlers. The national language is Tibetan, however the new official language is Chinese. The economy is kept up by horticultural and creature farming, rehearsed by the Tibetans, and administrative trade and administration, rehearsed by the Chinese, who are currently evaluated to dwarf the local Tibetans. There are, one might say, two legislatures of Tibet. The first is the Communist system, headed by Party authorities. The second is the administration in a state of banishment being held in Dharamsala, in northern India, a stateless republic drove by the Dalai Lama. Outline of Chinese Invasion and Destruction of Tibet: 1949-1959. During the foundation of another Communist government in 1959, China sent an expeditionary power to Tibet in 1959. Tibet had to sign a settlement that recognized Chinese sway over Tibet, however Ti... ...cMillian. 1960. Goldstein, Melvyn. History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951. London, University of California Press: 1989. US House Committee on International Relations: Current status on dealings between the Tibetan government estranged abroad and the Peoples Republic of China: Hearing before the C.I.R., House of Representatives, 105th Congress, November sixth, 1997, Released by Washington: U.S.G.P.O., 1998. China's Public Relations Strategy on Tibet www.afn.org/~afn20372/pol/bp.html (5-4-09) Tibetan Studies WWW Virtual Library www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-TibetanStudies.html (5-4-09) Landing page of Tibet www.omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtu/tibet/Welcome.html (5-4-09) Tibet www.asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/nations/tibet/(5-4-09) In the Court of His Holiness The Dalai Lama www.tibet.com/(5-4-09)

ACT Essay Scoring Samples - Learn the Essay Writing Process

ACT Essay Scoring Samples - Learn the Essay Writing ProcessThere are quite a few ACT essay scoring samples that you can use to help you with your essays. They will all be very easy to follow and will give you some good tips for getting into an exam where you need to get as many marks as possible. When you are looking at these different examples, you will find that there are several to choose from.It is a fact that most students struggle when it comes to writing essays. There are just so many different ideas that you have to remember and they do not always make sense. This is why there are so many ACT essay scoring samples available. When you are using these samples, you will find that you will be able to see the different things that you can use to help you get better.There are hundreds of different topics that you will be asked to use when it comes to essays. There are many types of essays that you will be asked to write and it is not always easy to know what the person in front of you wants. This is why there are plenty of ACT essay scoring samples.If you are going to look through these samples, you will find that they will help you understand the various topics that are going to be used. You will also find that you will be able to put together an essay that makes sense and will be pleasing to the reader. This is a good way to make sure that you do not forget any of the ideas that you have to write about.When you are using these different act essays you will find that there are several things that you will need to remember. You will also find that you will have a brief guide that will be included. This will be able to get you started on the right foot and give you a chance to get the best results that you can.This is a good thing because you do not want to waste any time when it comes to ACT essay scoring. This is something that is supposed to help you get the best results possible. You will also find that there are plenty of options that you will have availa ble to you.The only thing that you will have to worry about is to be able to read the instructions and ACT essay scoring samples that are included in the guide. This is something that you will have to be able to do well so that you do not end up with a paper that is not worth anything. This is something that you will have to be able to handle because it can be one of the most difficult sections in the entire exam.There are plenty of ACT essay scoring samples that you can use to help you. These will be good for those who are trying to help themselves to be able to get good grades on the test. It is best to start out on the right foot and work on these different topics and you will find that you are well on your way to getting a high grade.

The Homeless Essay - 1536 Words

The homeless stand down was an eye-opener experience for me. I had the opportunity to interact with several individuals, and one family. Initially I conducted some interviews with them to help complete the questionnaire; and the remainder of the time, I escorted the individuals and helped them choose items that were necessary for them. As I talked to each of them, I realized that the present state of these individuals were a product of the current economic situations. According to the National Homeless Coalition (2009), work factors are one of the many reasons why individuals are homeless. One of the individuals that I spoke to informed me that he was working a regular nine to five job at a construction site, but now due to the†¦show more content†¦The risk of individual who may currently have a home, but are at the brink of homelessness is high. It is often easier to ignore people who are homeless or even ignore that homelessness exists in our society because it is ea sier for society to blame the individual rather than society itself. It is important to advocate for those who are not able speak up for themselves. The article by the National Homeless Coalition (2009) states that there is a decline in public assistance for individuals who are homeless; therefore it is integral that we as a society seek assistance for these individuals and help promote awareness of the rise in homelessness. Individuals who are homeless or at risk for becoming homeless may experience various occupational issues, such as the following examples, but are not limited to these: difficulties maintaining a job, transportation, and emotional or regulation skills. According to the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) (2008), work is an area of occupation and defined as â€Å"activities needed for engaging in remunerative employment or volunteer activities.† Individuals that are homeless have difficulty in obtaining a job due to a deficiency in certain skills sets. Other problems regarding work opportunity is the lack of trust employers may have regarding individuals who are homeless. Society often views people who are homeless lower than themselves and often disregard their talents andShow MoreRelatedHomeless People : The Homeless1265 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless in Baltimore City is a serious issue that must be resolve. There are different types of homeless people: Chron ic, transitional and episodic homeless people. However, there are several or multiples reasons for which people become homeless. It could be due to lack of financial incentives or economic reason, immigrants people (students or foreign), a choice of an individual or poverty, housing needs of the lack of low-income housing and other issues such as unemployment, underemployment, domesticRead MoreHomeless People And The Homeless Essay1970 Words   |  8 PagesHomelessness there were about 600,000 homeless people in America in January of 2015. This paper will hopefully spread insight on homelessness as a whole. There are many misconceptions about homeless people and many facts that people do not realize about homeless people. These facts should be brought to attention in order to help increase the knowledge of what normal everyday individuals can do to help. Every day we are surrounded by someone who is homeless and we don’t even know it. People tendRead MoreHomeless Shelters : Homeless Shelter Essay2067 Words   |  9 Pagesshelters that tend to the homeless. With the San Gabriel Valley services being so distant and clustered, it was difficult to assess the overall feel of the homeless services. That is, it was difficult to find any homeless shelters even with the use of a handheld GPS and map, signifying that access to the homeless services is not as simple as it sounds. On the other hand, it was not at all difficult to find other services that seemed, to be very helpful for the homeless in general. A screenshot ofRead MoreHomeless Child Education : Homeless Children1678 Words   |  7 PagesHomeless Children Education Several factors severely compromise the ability of homeless children to succeed in school, as I discovered in interviews with 277 homeless families in New York City in 1988. Barriers to the success of these children include health problems, hunger, transportation obstacles, and difficulty obtaining school clothes and suppliesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ all of which are linked to low attendance rates (Rafferty and Rollins 1989). Other factors are associated with the nature of the emergency shelterRead MoreHomeless People s View On The Homeless869 Words   |  4 Pages Here in America there is a high percentage of homeless people. People often label homeless people as lazy, not willing to work, or they believe they are just looking for hand out. But that is just other people s views on the homeless. My point of view is that maybe they had a rough start in life, or something happened to them or maybe they didn’t have a mother or father figure in their lives to tell them right from wrong. Other might of grown up in broken homes which might of caused them to beRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The Homeless1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed topics around the world is homelessness. Each and every day more and more people become homeless. People around the world have tried numerous times to resolve this dilemma. This situation is growing and it s starting to spiral out of control. One solution that is getting popular the more we let this situation grow is that criminalizing the homeless is ok. People cannot criminalize the homeless. Homeless people should not be criminalized because they have nowhere to go, they have it hard enoughRead MoreThe Stigma Of The Homeless1556 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Great Depression, the homeless were almost glamorized as vagabonds who rode the rails with their belongings neatly tied up in a bandana over their shoulder. Today, the homeless can be anyone: children or women escaping an abusive relationship or those who just cannot afford to pay for housing. While some homeless people maintain employment of some sort, long term homelessness is usually a function of the inverse; either severely under-employed or no income stream at all with which toRead MoreHomeless Volunteer1842 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless Volunteer Tera Penrod Purpose: To share my experience of being homeless and how it has affected me. Audience: Readers interested in being enlightened about the homeless at a personal level. â€Å"Better is a poor man whose walk is blameless than a rich man whose ways are perverse.†- PROVERBS 28:6. I learned the truth in this verse while living with relatives in Colorado Springs, Colorado and the time I became homeless. What comes to mind when thinking about homeless people? I rememberRead MoreThe Media Of The Homeless2516 Words   |  11 Pagespeople have become socially and morally numb to the issue. As homelessness worsens, the homeless are being seen less and less as humans and more as a nuisance such as pests and wildlife, or even just a statistic. Being at the bottom of the social class structure is rough, to put it lightly. There is nothing glamorous about living at the streets; in fact, there are very few positive points, if any, to being homeless but that doesn t mean they are that much different from other classes. At the coreRead MoreHomeless And Non Homeless Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual990 Words   |  4 Pagesexamined two groups, homeless and non-homeless Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) youths (Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter, 2012). There were a total of 156 participants between the ages of 14 and 21 years with a mean age of 18.3 years. Participants were recruited from community based organizations, which focused on youths and two college organizations of LGB students. Researchers wanted to explore potential risk factors associated with the reason some LGB youths become homeless, while others do not.

I Am Not A Good Person - 991 Words

The Beginning of my Story Tattoos have long been seen as flaws on the body, the signs of a delinquent, and a painted on sign saying, â€Å"I am not a good person†. For years, my own parents butchered my love for the art. They told me I’d regret each and every one I got. Their words always just went in one ear and out the other. I always told them I’d prove them wrong and the stereotype of tattooed people wrong. I am twenty years old now with seven tattoos on various regions of my body. I have two large tattoos on my left arm, three smaller tattoos on my right arm, one large one on my back, and one small one on my chest. Those are just the ones I already have, by the end of all my glorious tattoo sessions; I hope to have approximately twenty-five to thirty tattoos covering my body. As Johnny Depp once said, â€Å"My body is my journal and my tattoos are my story†, that is the motto I live by regarding my present and future tattoos. It was cold and the air was crisp as I awoke for class at six in the morning on November 24th, 2014. I slowly awoke from my deep sleep while throwing the nearest clothes on and getting my backpack together for math class. I trudged through my house and out to my car like a pig through mud. Looking at my watch, I realized I had only 25 minutes to get to class. I sped out of my driveway like a racehorse out of the gate without hesitation. Cars on the road were bright orange cones I had to pass with quick precision and timing. With three minutes to spare, IShow MoreRelatedI Am A Soldier And A Good Person896 Words   |  4 Pagesdisciplined soldier and a good person. I was inexperienced of life before I joined the army. Therefore, I was overwhelmed of life lessons when I came to basic training. However, I learned the seven army values which were loyalty, duty, respect, selfless-service, honor, integrity and personal courage; I experienced every value throughout my training process. They help me to discipline myself to be a good soldier and a good person. The value that I honored most was integrity. I was taught that integrityRead MoreHow I Am A Person Who Helps The Common Good834 Words   |  4 PagesNovember tenth 2002 I was born. In this essay I will be talking bout me and this paragraph I will talk about me such as how I learn And what I am on 4mat learner profile. First of all I will be talking about myself and who I am. First of all I love dogs and I am driven to be a veterinarian from colorado state university. And I want to be A person who helps the common good. Now I will talk about who I am as a learner. As a learner, I am principled and smart. I follow directions and I love to be on theRead MoreMany Mes866 Words   |  4 PagesQuestionnaire Words or phrases I use to describe my physical self 1. I am blue eyed man 2. I am 5’11 3. I am Stocky built 4. I am Balding 5. I am Average Words or phrases I use to describe my personality 6. I am Authoritative 7. I am curious 8. I am analytical 9. I am kind 10. I am ambitious Words or phrases I use to describe my social self (me interacting with others) 11. I am outgoing 12. I am comical 13. I am a good listener 14. I am a good communicator 15. I am not easily intimidated Read MoreEssay On Staff Experience1586 Words   |  7 Pages Yes, I have had many staff experiences, from big servers to small servers, I have been through it all! Here are a few!: PulsePvP: PulsePvP was a server owned by Epciay. As most of you may know, he has been in the community for a long time. Anyways, I applied for staff last year around this time of the year, I was accepted a month later. I was immediately interviewed and accepted. I worked hard and after the first week, I was promoted to Moderator. After recevieving this promotion, it pumped meRead MoreMy Leadership Style Of Leadership1377 Words   |  6 PagesWhen this class started I had really never given much thought to my leadership style. What I have discovered is that I have the ability to be a good leader. As I completed the questionnaires and first review the results, I was somewhat surprised by what my strengths and weaknesses were and how I would be as a leader. Being at the end of this course, I can visualize myself as a leader now that I know I have good leader qualities. Upon analyzing the answers of the three people I interviewed, two reoccurringRead MoreEssay about Characteristics of a Good Leader526 Words   |  3 Pages A good leader needs to have many particular characteristics. Some of these are obvious, such as that they care about what you are doing and always puts you before themselves. Also another trait of a good leader is that they always keep promises they make. Some of the subtle attributes of a good leader are that they do not hide behind bad news. Moreover, they are easy people to talk to and they have a good if not excellent sense of humor. In my opinion, the best leader would be one that enjoysRead MoreGender : Male And Previous Experience Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesMale Previous Experience: I was Staff on TimelessPvP for over a year and a couple months, I was a Head staff on Timeless and with that meant I handled promotions/demotions and was in control of the staff team. I had resigned due to the fact that Timeless was slowly dying out and I was becoming very busy with my actually job. Proof that I have been staff: https://gyazo.com/2d736e77db6e149e9418bf84a612e83c Time zone and Country: United states, Est Estimated Schedule: I am able to play for about 4-5Read MoreIntrapersonal Communication Reflection1023 Words   |  5 Pageson my interprofessional communication. Before I started this class, I wasn’t aware of how poorly I viewed and communicated with myself. My intrapersonal communication skills were not the best, and it influenced how I communicated with others around me. Intrapersonal communication is considered as â€Å"communication with one’s self, and that may include self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and even recall and memory† (McLean, 2012, p. 598). I never understood how my intrapersonal communicationRead MoreThe Jung Personality Test : A Test895 Words   |  4 Pageskind of person I am. The test had many different questions it was asking and I would answer them truthfully. Through this test, I learned I was extroverted, sensitive, a thinker/feeler and perceiving. The first word I tested for was being extroverted, this means that I am easy to approach, social and that I like going to parties. I knew this was true, because I am really easy to approach. People come up to me all the time, and they just talk to me about anything they want. Also, I am not toRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Communication1091 Words   |  5 Pagesself-concept, self-image, how I perceive myself, my bad and good qualities, and my non-verbal communication. My expectations about myself or my self-concept influences how I communicate with others around me. It is stated that â€Å"the term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves† (Mcleod, 2008). I tend to be someone that is very hard on myself, and often dissatisfied if I do not meet my expectations. I also believe that if I do not meet my high

Carry Your Own Skis, Dreams, and The Road not Taken

Over the course of the second semester, many important texts were read. Each short story and poem had their own themes and messages to share. Depending on how you personally read each text, some may stick out more than others, but all just as important as the other. Important as in to each author, their message is significant to themselves. We as a class definitely got a lot of reading of different texts this semester so there were many to choose from that should be considered the most important. The three most important texts of the semester were Carry your own Skis by Lian Dolan, Dreams by Langston Hughes, and The Road not Taken by Robert Frost because they all have very important messages. To start, a very important text of the semester was Carry your own Skis by Lian Dolan because it teaches about the importance of responsibility. The short story tells of two sisters who learned to ski when they were younger. When they grew up, they taught all of their kids to learn to ski. Yes, it was a fun and exhausting activity, but there was more meaning to it than that. What was the main point? In Carry your own Skis Lian Dolan states, â€Å"There was, however, one rule my mother had about skiing: Carry your own skis†¦The lesson was simple, really. Be responsible for yourself and your stuff, or you miss out.† No matter what the situation, cold or wet, the children all were responsible for carrying their own skis. Overall, it the main message teaches that responsibility is very importantShow MoreRelatedA Business Plan for and Adventure Recreation Company9286 Words   |  38 Pages 7.6 Business Ratios Appendix 1.0 Organizational Overview UAE was formed as a dream organization to provide hard-adventure sport/travel experiences to clients. UAE’s hard adventures include white-water rafting, and rock climbing. The founder of UAE is . My extensive experiences a multi-sport guide in the Outdoor Recreation IndustryRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesTransistor radios should be prohibited in public places 15 The only thing people are interested in today is earning more money 16 Compulsory military service should be abolished in all countries 17 Childhood is certainly not the happiest time of your life 18 Untidy people are not nice to know 19 The only way to travel is on foot 42 44 46 48 20 Examinations exert a pernicious influence on education 21 Books, plays and films should be censored 22 People should be rewarded according toRead MoreAmerican Holidays11778 Words   |  48 PagesDay. It is celebrated with parades, memorial speeches and ceremonies, and the decoration of graves with flower and flags. Memorial Day is a indication or reminder that summer is on its way. Many small tows in America celebrate Memorial Day in their own special way. In our town, we have a small fair with barbequed chicken, rides for the children and a special fireworks display. Memorial Day is also the traditional day for people to open up their swimming pools! Independence Day Independence DayRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesan MBA that will prepare you for leadership challenges in any business field. You are aware, however, that Harvard Business School receives about ten thousand applications annually, and you are uncertain how to make your ap.... plication stand out. We understand. We have been in your shoes. This book seeks to demystifythe admissions process for applicants by providing a selective but robust sample of HBS essaysthat have sue, cessfullysurvived the admissions committee in the past. We aspire to showRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagessuits and troubled face, came up to me looking concerned. I thought he was all right at that time, certainly not a Mourinho or Capello, but an ok guy. This was way before we started our war. It was the fall of 2009 and I was living my childhood dream. I was playing in the best team in the world and had been welcomed by 70 000 people at the Camp Nou. I was walking on clouds. Well maybe not entirely, there were some bullshit in the papers. I was the bad boy and all that. I was difficult dealingRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pages Notes on the 1930s extrapolated from lego boxes NB quickly done, so there may be some errors / omissions†¦ and not ALL lego boxes have been trawled through yet†¦ but this is a good start†¦ Changes to society in the 1930s Prohibition ends Find your own details! Unemployment â€Å"For those workers who had enjoyed at least a taste of prosperity in the 1920s, the initial blow of the Depression was crushing†. (McIlvaine) Unemployment rates amongst workers skyrocketed as big business was forced toRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesoutbreaks, but I never even thought of the possibility that zombies were the cause of all our troubles. We were all caught off guard. You know, I never did believe that humanity deserved this. We have done... a great deal of horrible things to our own specie, our brothers and sisters. Even with all the horrible things we have done, we never did deserve to be thrown into a world where death was redefined. In fact there will never was, nor will there ever be, a time that would surpass the horror humanityRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesAttribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlierRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesstudents. Concerns expressed and questions asked in teacher workshops and on the AP Statistics Electronic Discussion Group have strongly inï ¬â€šuenced our exposition of certain topics, especially in the area of experimental design and probability. We have taken great care to provide precise deï ¬ nitions and clear examples of concepts that Advanced Placement Statistics instructors have acknowledged as difï ¬ cult for their students. We have also expanded the variety of examples and exercises, recognizing the diverseRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmanagement practice is practicing what effective managers—those with â€Å"good sense†Ã¢â‚¬â€do consistently. Reason #2: It is consistent with proven principles of effective teaching and learning. A seasoned university professor advised a young colleague, â€Å"If your students aren’t learning, you’re not teaching—you’re just talking!† Here’s what some authorities on higher education have to say about how effective teachers foster learning: â€Å"All genuine learning is active, not passive. It is a process of discovery

Elements of High Performance free essay sample

Elements of a High Performance Organization Paper Carlos J. Negron and Billy Drauhgon AJS/512 August 13, 2012 Prof. Kim Tandy Abstract Explain how a high performance organiztion will benefit from the use of technology we will desrcibe, analyze and examine the different elements that make up a high performance organization. The way this topic is being approached is through exploring how information technology is a key element in a high performance organization. By the use of Information technology and how it plays a very important role strategically in these high performance organizations. Certain examples will be shown and explain how organizations are turned into a high performance organizations. All these level of performances must have goals and must meet shared visions of other agency. Through this paper we seek to analyze and examine the different elements that make up a high performance organization. The way it will be approached is by exploring how information technology is a key role in the high performance organization. By which elements it will be done. Information technology plays a very important role strategically in these high performance organizations. Certain suggestions will be shown to turn these organizations into high performance organizations. All these level of performances must have goals and must meet shared visions. They all have different professional settings and by doing this like sharing the visions it will be successful. All organizations employees have to encourage each so that they all can achieve all goals and by accomplishing this, they can reflect on their job performance and personal satisfaction. Employee performance measures are very important to see how well a employee is doing or to see if that employee is facing any problems. This can benefit the organizations, because the organization would know if its employees are happy or not and it is always beneficial to keep the employees happy. Organizations tend to do matrix studies. These matrix studies helps rate employees on a scale of happiness. The performance evaluation can also determine the how ell a organizations is doing successfully. Technology is a mayor influence in an organizations effective performance. There are certain elements a high performance organization needs. Employees in organizations have to be in a positive work environment, thus thinking it is a good place to work. Employees should also be ready for any new challenge that could arise or any new innovation. The leaders of the organization must be talent oriented, fair, and clear. They should be able to promote the right people for the job, make sure that employees understand that their attitude affects their work performance, and make sure that all expectations are clear. They all need to be more superior than others by clarifying performance measures, making sure employees work well together as a team, and giving people or employees the proper training. In the criminal justice system information technology is a key element in identification, apprehension of criminals and fast response in locating information world wide in a matter of seconds. In most police cases suspect and offenders are entered into the criminal justice system through advanced technology such as surveillance equipment, tracking system, finger print and DNA system that leads to the capture of suspects. New technologies in the criminal justice system gives investigators faster result during investigation and also provides police departments with powerful new capability for the apprehension of criminals in safe and tactical manor. Since the beginning of organized police work the abilities of local, state and federal law enforcement organization has advanced since the early 19th century were police work only capability of communication was through radios which slowed the line of communication for information on suspects and crimes. The local, State, and federal law enforcement agencies has been able to cooperate and work together with other agency because of the technological advancement these new technologies has allow agency to contact other agency in other jurisdiction in a matter of seconds to alert them or et information about a suspect. (Gordon P. Whitaker, 1982) Through the use and creation of new advance technologies law enforcement agency has been able to do a number of things with inside their own organization as well as other agency to increase the performance of officers and other employees in the criminal justice system. The use of high performance technology has allowed law enforcement and crimina l justice organization to become more effective and increase the work performance in employees. Through the use of technology the criminal justice system has improved the effectiveness and efficiency through the increasing data that is collected over years. The information that has been collected over the years and compressed into computerized data that keeps records for the use of criminal justice agency. Certain programs and system that has been created because of the advancement of technology and these system consist of many different functions that allow other agency to work together to increase the performance and efficiency of their organization. For example the national crime information center also known as the (NCIC) is one of the larges criminal justice database that contain of 19 million records thats are directly related to convicted felons, wanted criminals nation wide, missing person and a detail description of stolen items such as vehicles, license plates, and stolen guns which allow multiple criminal justice agency to work together to achieve the same goal and thats to protect the communities they serve. (Ford, S. R. 012) The use of technology has allowed law enforcement organization to become more proactive inside their organization as well in the streets were the crimes occur. Being a high performance organization requires the employees to become very efficient in their line of work. In order for organizations to be successful they have to have certain management skills in order to operate correctly. â€Å"Performance management is the systematic process by which an agency involves its employees, as individuals a nd members of a group, in improving organizational effectiveness in the accomplishment of agency mission and goals. Employee performance management includes: planning work and setting expectations, continually monitoring performance, developing the capacity to perform, periodically rating performance in a summary fashion, and rewarding good performance. Great care was taken to ensure that the requirements those regulations establish would complement and not conflict with the kinds of activities and actions practiced in effective organizations as a matter of course. † (UOPM, 2009) In today’s society technology is one of the most important and predominant things. Since technology is always changing and growing organizations could be growing or braking thanks to this. Technology offers stability to an organization in the, â€Å"high-performance businesses regard IT as a source of both operational excellence and competitive advantage. They look beyond using IT as a tool for controlling costs, and understand that IT is the link for capturing the business value of information. However, the strategic use of IT demands far more than just a strategy and leading-edge systems. Top management must recognize that IT true benefit, it is and enabler of innovation and new value creation and that this benefit will be realized only when employees use IT intensively and creatively. † (Beene, Thomas. 2004) The ability of organizations being able to give to its employees competitive standards, skill building, and employee training is all thanks to technology. Technology and high performances go one with the other to for successful and high performance organizations to occur. For an organization to be fully successful it must achieve all the goals and elements that were determined at the beginning. The majority of these elements are as simple as all sharing and communicating the same vision. Encourage all employees to be independent and achieve all their personal goals and getting great performance reviews therefore being more productive in the organizations. Also, organizations should be implementing new and innovative technologies. Also implement new technologies. Organizations should be letting their employees know that all their great efforts and goal achieving is paying off and they can continue to give them new technology to use at work. References Beene. T, Thomas. R (2004) In Search Of Performance Anatomy. Retrieved on

How does Alan Bennett make effective use of the dramatic monologue to hold the interest of the audience Essay Example

How does Alan Bennett make effective use of the dramatic monologue to hold the interest of the audience Essay A Cream Cracker under the Settee is a dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue is a drama piece performed by only one person. By examining the characterisation, humour, timescale and pauses of this monologue this essay will look at the ways Alan Bennett holds the interest of the audience. Characterisation is shown through voices and memory. Doris is the central character in the monologue. She is a 75-year-old down to earth, Yorkshire widow. She is a conscientious lady who, throughout her life has taken a pride in keeping her home spotlessly clean and tidy. She disapproves of Zulema, her home help sent in by the council, doing household chores that she has always managed to do. Doris has high standards where cleanliness is concerned and she is upset that Zulemas work does not meet these standards. In Doriss opinion, Zulema only half dusts and Doris is upset to find things that she would never miss being missed. For example Doris finds dust on top of her wedding photo that has been missed by Zulema. Doris never did like untidyness even when she was younger. This is shown through her recollection of conversations with her late husband, Wilfred. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Alan Bennett make effective use of the dramatic monologue to hold the interest of the audience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does Alan Bennett make effective use of the dramatic monologue to hold the interest of the audience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does Alan Bennett make effective use of the dramatic monologue to hold the interest of the audience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reason for Doris not wanting a garden was because she thought the trees, plants etc would create mess by dropping their leaves. Wilfred wanting a garden complete with bush caused great debate. Is it a bush that will make a mess Doris asks. From hygiene point of view Doris would be happier with concrete. Although Wilfred argued that concrete lacked character Doris pointed out that it could be kept clean and tidy making Doris feel easy in her mind. Another way Bennett shows Doriss dislike for untidiness was when Wilfred expressed a desire to have a dog. Doris was against having a dog because of the mess it would make with all the dog hairs that would need cleaning up. During their marriage Doris unfortunately had a miss carriage. The midwife came and wrapped the baby in newspaper and Doris never saw him. Wilfred, she thought, just took it in his stride and it was after this he started talking about getting a dog. Doris wished shed had children particularly a daughter because a daughter would have looked after her and she wouldnt be where she was now. If she had had children she might not be as miserable or lonely. There is a strong battle of wills between Doris and Zulema. Doris wants to keep her independence and continue her own cleaning whilst Zulema wants her to forget cleaning and be a lady of leisure. Zulema takes harsh actions and bans Doris from dusting and using the Ewbank. However, Doris is stubborn and houseproud and pays no attention to Zulema. She climbs on to a buffet to examine the cleanliness of her wedding photo and subsequently falls hurting her leg. This makes Doris feel that Zulema is one up because she warned her that this would happen. While Doris is sat on the floor she notices a cream cracker under the settee. This makes Doris mad because she cant remember the last time that shed had cream crackers and obviously Zulema hadnt cleaned thoroughly under the settee. Doris keeps the cream cracker to show to Zulema the next time she lectures her about Stafford house. To get her own back on Zulema, Doris threatens to send it to, The director of social services and put Zulema in the unemployment exchange. Another character referred to in the monologue is Wilfred. Wilfred is Doriss late husband. When Doris reminisces about Wilfred she often add a small joke to help keep the audience interested in Doriss situation. Wilfred and Doris were different in character. Doris was the busy one keeping the home clean and tidy and Wilfred was very laid back with lots of little job to do that were never accomplished. Wilfred always told Doris not to worry when things needed doing, Hed put it on his list. However Doris never saw this list and consequently jobs never got done. A good example of this was the loose sneck on the gate and the allotment, which would allow them to become self sufficient in the vegetable department. Neither materialised. Wilfred and Doris didnt have any children so Doris was lonely after Wilfreds death. The way in which the language portrays Doriss age is when she refers to Wilfred. Doris calls Wilfred Dad, Wilfred calls Doris Mum, these terms are often used by the older generation as terms of endearment. Doriss attitudes towards folk in the neighbourhood also make it clear that she is from an older generation. Her attitude towards the younger generation is that they are disrespectful. For example she says, would you credit it when the boy uses her garden as a toilet. This means that she couldnt believe what she had seen. When Doris was younger marriage was considered to be a commitment were people stayed together for better or worse and every body in the neighbour hood knew each other. Doris looking out of her window noticed that she doesnt know any of her neighbours, not even the people opposite and half the couples together arent married. Doris comments, you see all sorts, then you loose track. The younger generation would not make these comments and would just accept the different types of people and relationships. Doris has a very down to earth sense of humour. This is portrayed through Doriss understanding of the irony of life. For example Doris says after Wilfreds death, Hes got his little garden now. This is ironic because when Wilfred was alive he never accomplished his goal of having the garden he wanted. Doris also shows humour through one-liners. After the glass on her wedding photo cracked she says, weve cracked Wilfred. This not only means that the glass has cracked around the picture, she implying that she might have cracked as well. Her Yorkshire dialect and her use of colloquialisms often portray Doriss humour. A good example of this is when the boy upsets Doris by using her garden as a toilet she says, Hes spending a penny her use of term makes the action humorous. Pauses are used through out the monologue. These are used for effect and to allow the audience time to make sense of Doriss situation. Longer pauses are used to make an impact on the audience and also allow the audience to reflect on Doriss situation and understand the impact this has on their own thoughts and feelings. In conclusion Alan Bennett uses four effective ways to keep the audiences interest. The characterisation of the monologue is effective. The characters recalled through Doriss memory are kept brief and this brings interest because the audience wants to know more. Doris has a good understanding of the irony of life, in her situation this is comical and interesting bringing in humour. The Yorkshire derelict and use of colloquialisms also adds amusement. By mixing the past and the present the interest of the audience is held and the pauses are used to good effect to build drama and give the audience time to take in what has been said.

Give a concise description of how AZN is financed, with reference to the different sources of capital and gearing levels Essay Example

Give a concise description of how AZN is financed, with reference to the different sources of capital and gearing levels Essay Example Give a concise description of how AZN is financed, with reference to the different sources of capital and gearing levels Essay Give a concise description of how AZN is financed, with reference to the different sources of capital and gearing levels Essay Analysis of AstraZenecas (AZN) 2001 annual report1 reveals that the company is financed by all the traditional methods. The sources of finance which are employed to fund AZN operations comprise of; ; Creditors due within one year (short-term). ; Creditors due after more than one year (long-term). ; Capital and reserves (Capital and Reserves). : A detailed break down of the sources of finance employed are detailed below in Table 1 AstraZenecas Sources of Finance. and Diagram 1 Ratio Analysis of AstraZenecas Financing. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m % % Sources of Finance 2001 2000 Variance Variance Total Financing Creditors due within one year Short term borrowings 150.7 88.7 62.0 41.1% 1.3% Current instalments of loans 75.4 62.0 13.4 17.8% 0.6% Other creditors 4,337.3 4,706.3 -369.0 -8.5% 36.0% 4,563.4 4,857.0 -293.7 -6.4% 37.9% Creditors due after more than one year Loans 447.2 444.4 2.8 0.6% 3.7% Other creditors 107.0 208.5 -101.4 -94.7% 0.9% 554.2 652.8 -98.6 -17.8% 4.6% Capital and reserves Called-up share capital 307.0 311.3 -4.2 -1.4% 2.6% Share premium account 235.2 165.5 69.7 29.6% 2.0% Capital redemption reserve 6.3 2.1 4.2 66.7% 0.1% Merger reserve 304.9 304.9 0.0 0.0% 2.5% Other reserves 1,035.2 1,021.8 13.4 1.3% 8.6% Profit and loss account 5,002.8 4,899.3 103.5 2.1% 41.6% Shareholders funds equity interests 6,891.5 6,704.9 186.6 2.7% 57.3% Minority equity interests 25.4 14.8 10.6 41.7% 0.2% Shareholders funds and minority interests 6,916.9 6,719.7 197.2 2.9% 57.5% Total Financing of AZN 12,034.5 12,229.6 -195.1 -1.6% 100.0% Table 1: AstraZenecas Sources of Finance Diagram 1: Ratio Analysis of AstraZenecas Financing Creditors due within one year. Creditors due within one year are individuals or companies to whom AZN owes sums of money to within one year. For AZN these include goods and services2, taxes and short-term loans (includes bank overdraft). Further analysis3 shows that AZN have à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150.7m of short-term borrowings from the bank, the break down is shown in Table 2. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m % Short term borrowings 2001 2000 Variance Variance Bank borrowings Fixed securities 15.5 14.8 3.7 4.5 Secured by floating charge 5.6 7.7 -2.1 -37.5 Unsecured 128.9 64.1 64.8 50.3 Total 150.0 86.6 63.4 42.3 Other borrowings (unsecured) 0.7 2.1 -1.4 -200.0 Total 150.7 88.7 62.0 41.1 Table 2: Detail of Short-term borrowing. Examination of Table 1 and Table 2 shows that short term borrowing makes up 3.3% of all creditors due within one year. Current instalments of loans make up 1.7% and other creditors 95% of creditors due within one year. In relation to the overall financing of AZN creditors due within one year made up 37.9% of total financing. Creditors due after more than one year (long-term). Loans and other creditors make up AZN due after more than one year. Loans make up 80.7%, whereas, other creditors make up 19.3% of creditors due after more than one year. Table 1 shows that creditors due after more than one year accounts for only 4.6% AZNs total financing. Shareholders Funds The scrutiny of Table 1 makes obvious that AZN is financed 57.3 % by Shareholders funds. The relationship between ordinary shares to other forms of long term financing can be extremely important. It is advisable to establish the ratio/percentage for this relationship as will show the level of debt that is currently financing the AZN, see table 3. Table 3: Relationship between ordinary shares to other forms of long-term finance. It can be suggested that AZN is a low-geared company; this assumption is based on the 6.1% outcome of the gearing ratio equation, table 3. The ratio of 6.1% reveals that AZN are financed by 6.1% debt and long term finance. The low gearing ratio means that AZN have a higher dependence on equity finance. A low rate of debt means that at bad times AZN will still have enough left over for ordinary shareholders after payment of interest on debt items. Another way of analysing debt would be to establish the interest cover of interest4 to be paid by AZN on their loans. The interest cover equation would show how many times AZN would be able to cover the interest to be paid with AZN profit before interest and tax5. Table 4: AstraZenecas Interest cover. The interest cover equation reveals that AZN are very comfortable, as they are able to cover interest payable 47.3 times. b) Has the companys financial structure changed significantly during the year. AZN have done well to reduce their long-term creditors from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½208.5m in 2000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½107m in 2001, this is a 94.7% reduction of AZN creditors. Additionally, AZN have reduced short-term creditors by 8.5% from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4,706.3m in 2000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7,337.3 in 2001. However, with further analysis of AZN balance sheet6 unveils that the reduction in short-term and long-term creditors may have been to some extent financed by current assets and an increase in long-term loans. The balance sheet shows that AZNs current assets have reduced by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½466.2m from 2000 to 2001. The 6.7% reduction in current assets is due to a 10.0% decrease in short term investments from 2000 to 2001 and a 4.8% reduction in cash from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½719m in 2000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½496.5m in 2001. In addition, there has been a 0.6% increase in the value of long-term loans AZN have, from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½444.4m in 2000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½447.2m in 2001, this may have been used to fund the payment of long term creditors. However, the release of cash and short-term investments and the increase in the long-term loans may have been a consequence of a 2.6% increase in fixed assets and a 12.4% increase in stock. AZN in 2001 increased tangible fixed assets by 8.4% to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,809.2m and increased fixed asset investment by 52.2% to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16.2m, this accounts for the 2.6% increase in fixed assets. The 12.4% increase in stock from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,482.4m in 2000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,691.5 in 2001 is a result of AZN purchasing 31.8% more raw materials and consumables in 2001 and the 10.4% increase of finished goods and goods for resale. Table 5 reinforces that AZN have a higher level of stock in the warehouse in 2001 in comparison to 2000 because the acid test ratio reduced by 6.1% in 2001 from 2000. In addition, AZN have repurchased à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½756.3m shares in 2001 which is mostly likely done because AZN had a high level of cash they wished to dispose of. However, the one weakness of AZN in 2001 is that debtors have decreased by 9.2%, hence, this illustrates that working capital in 2001 is weak in comparison to 2000. The decrease of debtors from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,7887 in 2000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,554.9 in 2001 indicates that customers of AZN are taking more time to pay their debts. In addition, AZN are paying creditors (short and long term) 9.6% quicker in 2001 in comparison to 2000. Liquidity ratios would be able to show how effectively AZN are able to pay its creditors, expenses, loans falling due etc. at the correct times. Failure to ensure the payments are covered effectively could mean AZN would have to close down. The current7 and acid test8 ratios will illustrate how liquid9 AZN is in Table 5. 2001 2000 Variance Variance % Current Ratio 1.52 1.52 0.00 0% Acid Test Ratio 1.15 1.27 -0.07 -6.1% Table 5: AstraZenecas liquidity comparison from 2000 to 2001 The rule of thumb for the current ratio is that the figure should always be above 1, otherwise the company does not have enough assets to meets its liabilities, therefore, insolvent. Table 5 shows that AZN has a desirable current ratio, it shows that AZN is able to cover its liabilities 1.52 times with its current assets. The current ratio has remained consistent between 2000 to 2001. However, the current ratio also includes AZNs stock and this could distort the ratio. The acid test ratio takes into account. Table 5 shows that there was a 6.1% decrease in the acid test ratio from 2000 to 2001. This indicates AZN in 2001 have more stock that is piling up in the warehouse. In relation to Table 3 AZNs gearing level in 2001 was 6.1% compared to 6.2% the previous year, see Table 6. Table 6: Relationship between ordinary shares to other forms of long-term finance. The reason why AZNs gearing level has decreased by 0.1% in 2001 is due to the revaluation of reserves which accounted for a negative à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½348.6m. c) Do you consider the level of financial gearing to be appropriate for a company of this type? AZNs level of financial gearing stands at 6.1, this is considerably low in comparison to the industry sector average10, which stands at 38.65. A comparison of gearing levels of AZN to other companies in the pharmaceutical industry is shown in Table 7, Company 2001 Gearing British Biotec 2.96 Johnson Johnson 3.16 Pfizer Inc 3.87 Celltech Group PLC 5.43 Astra Zeneca PLC 6.49 Merck Co., Inc. 9.84 Shire Pharmaceutical 10.54 Drew Scientific Group PLC 13.89 Eli Lilly and Company 15.10 Industry 38.65 Table 7: Industry Gearing level analysis. The level of gearing is at an inappropriate level taking into consideration the nature of the pharmaceutical industry whereby large sums of finance are required to undertake business activities, however, AZN like other pharmaceuticals are money rich companies, hence, requiring less external borrowing. It can be assumed that AZN is a money rich company because in 2001 AZN repurchased à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½756.3m shares, which suggests that AZN has a high level of cash that they wished to dispose of. As it has been suggested that AZN have and inappropriate gearing level according to the industry average, but, when the gearing of AZN is compared to the other companies in table 7, the level of gearing is seen as being appropriate. The average gearing of companies in table 7 is 7.92, hence, AZN is 22% below the average, however, it can be suggested the level of gearing is seen as being appropriate in comparison to the average of table 7 and because it is able to cover interest payable 47.3 times. Diagram 2: Industry Gearing Level comparison. 2. a) By reference to the companys five-year record describe the companys earning per share history. Earnings per share (EPS)11 is frequently used to view performance. It indicates how much of AZNs profits can be attributable to each ordinary share. EPS can be seen as a better comparison of performance rather than profit. This is because acquisition or the issue of new shares does not effect EPS, hence, providing a more true reflection of AZNs performance. AZNs EPS12 for the last five years 13can be seen in Table 4 and in Diagram 2. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 EPS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1.25 1.24 1.08 1.01 1.02 Variance à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m 0.01 0.15 0.07 -0.01 0 Variance % 0.6% 12.5% 6.5% -0.7% 0 Table 8: AstraZenecas Five-year earning per share history. The five-year EPS history of AZN as shown in Table 6 shows that EPS took a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01 loss from 1997 to 1998 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.01 from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.02. Nevertheless, since 1998 AZN has seen an in crease in EPS in each year from 1998. The biggest increase in EPS was in 2000 when EPS increased à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.15 (12.5% on 1999 EPS) from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.08 in 1999 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.24. Finally, there was a slight increase in EPS on 2000 in 2001, AZN EPS saw an increase of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01, taking EPS to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.25 in 2001. According to Merrill Lynch, Morning Meetings Notes 4th February 2002, state that AZN is estimating EPS midway between à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.06 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.17 range for 2002 and Merrill and Lynch14 estimate à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.11 EPS for AZN in 2002. Diagram 3: AstraZenecas earning per share year on year comparison. The EPS of AZN are compared to other companies in the same industry in the table below. EPS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2001 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2000 GlaxoSmithKline 0.72 0.69 Drew Scientific -0.06 -0.04 United Drug PLC 0.41 0.34 Table 9: Pharmaceutical industry EPS comparison. Table 9 shows that AZN have overall a better EPS in comparison to other companies in the same industry. AZNs EPS in comparison to GlaxoSmithKline is 42.4% higher in 2001 and 44.0% higher in 2000. b) Similarly, review the companys five-year dividend policy. A shareholder in AZN obtains their reward in the form of a share of the profits, known as a dividend. A five-year record of AZN dividend payment to shareholders can be examined in Table 4 AstraZenecas Five-year dividend history. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 Dividends à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.55* 0.51* Variance à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.04 0 Variance % 0.0% 0.0% -11.6% 7.3% 0.0% Table 10: AstraZenecas Five-year dividend history15. It would be unfair to compare the dividend payments for the years 1997 and 1998 as Astra AB and Zeneca Group PLC merged to form AZN and as a result would give a distorted picture of AZNs dividend payments per ordinary share, as shown in table 10 and diagram 4. Table 10 shows that AZN from 1999 to 2001 have kept dividend payments at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.49 per ordinary share. The possible explanation why AZN may have kept their dividend consistent is because if the payments were increased in one year, investors would expect an increase in dividends every year. Diagram 4: AstraZenecas dividend year on year comparison. Dividend cover compares the amount of profit earned per ordinary share with the amount of dividend earned, hence, illustrating the proportion of profits that could have been distributed to what was distributed. Table 11 shows a three-year dividend cover comparison. 2001 2000 1999 Dividend Cover 2.4 2.1 0.9 Variance 0.3 1.2 0 Variance % 12.5% 57.1% 0 Table 11: AstraZenecas three-year Dividend cover year on year comparison. The dividend cover of AZN shows that there has been an increase from 1999 to 2001. The dividend cover increased 57.1% from 0.9 times in 1999 to 2.1 times 2000. Once again, there was a 12.5% increase on 2000 figures in 2001 taking the dividend cover to 2.4 times. Investment analysts regard a high dividend over as a reassuring measure of the safety of the current dividend levels. Dividend yield seeks to assess the cash return on investment earned by shareholders; this enables comparisons to be made with other investment opportunities available to shareholders. The dividend yield for AZN at close of Friday 16th March 2002 was 1%, this suggests that investors would get more return on their money in a bank or building society or maybe investing in a different company. c) Obtain the companys PE ratio from the Financial Times. Asses how the PE ratio reflects the historic performance shown in points 2. a) and 2. b). The Financial Times website reported the P/E ratio for AZN as 34.04. This ratio indicates that the price of the shares is 34.04 times the earnings (i.e. profits). In other words, it gives an idea a to the number of years it would take to cover the price out of the companys earnings. The price-earning ratio (P/E ratio) reflects the relationship between the share price and EPS of AZN. Like EPS the P/E ratio is considered to be a key ratio by stock market analyst. The P/E ratio is calculated as seen below. A good P/E ratio is vital for a firm because it gives an indication of the confidence of investors in the expected future performance prospects and quality of earnings of the company. The P/E reflects the historic performance as discussed above with the increase in the year on year earnings per share. As the company merged in 1999 the overall prospects of the company evolved further, hence, investors were confident with the future earnings of AZN. A breakdown of AZNs average P/E ratios in previous years is shown in table 12 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 AZN 26.8 29 66.6 30.8 25.1 22 16.8 13.7 Table 12: Average P/E ratio analysis 1994-2001 A share price with a high P/E ratio is one that has a high price compared with its earnings. AZNs average P/E ratio in 2001 was 26.8, with EPS of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.25 and dividends of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.49, this indicates that investors confidence of the companys ability to maintain and improve earnings in the future is strong. d) How does the PE ratio compare to other companies in the same industry sector? Can you suggest reasons for your companys comparative level of PE ratio? The Financial Times16 reported the pharmaceutical industry P/E ratio to be 33.31. AstraZenecas P/E ratio at present is above the industry average, as seen in table 13. Company Name Company P/E Ratio Industry P/E Ratio Drew Scientific Plc -3.90 33.31 Merck ; Co Inc 20.90 33.31 Eli Lilly and Company 23.00 33.31 Johnson ; Johnson 24.40 33.31 Shire Pharmaceuticals Plc 25.40 33.31 GlaxoSmithKline Plc 33.23 33.31 Astra Zeneca Plc 34.04 33.31 Pfizer Inc 34.20 33.31 Table 13: 15th March 2002 P/E ratio industry comparison. Comparing the P/E ratio over a period of time, table 14, shows that AZNs P/E ratio has been stronger in comparison to the companies, and these P/E ratios are reflected in AZN dividend payments and EPS. Company 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 AZN 26.8 29 66.6 30.8 25.1 22 16.8 13.7 JOHNSON JOHNSON 27.5 25.3 31.3 32.2 24 22.5 20.1 15 DREW SCIENTIFIC GROUP PLC -19.6 -33.4 -27.1 -64.3 0 0 0 0 BRITSH BIOTEC -6.9 -8.2 -7.3 -23.5 -57.6 -34.2 -8.7 0 PFIZER INC 33.1 67.2 49.7 68 35.1 25.2 21.1 16.2 ELI LILLY CO, 32 29.2 34.4 39.8 0 23.9 19.5 14 MERCK CO., INC. 24.2 25.6 30.3 30.6 24.9 22.6 19.6 14.4 CELLTECH GROUP PLC -48.6 -7.3 21 -65.5 -28.4 161.1 0 0 Table 14: P/E ratio 1994-2001 industry analysis. Diagram 5 illustrates the statement that AZNs P/E ratio has been strong in relation to others in the industry. Diagram 5: P/E ratio industry comparison 1994-2001. AZNs P/E ratio is the second highest in the industry behind Pfizer at the moment in comparison to other companies in the Pharmaceutical Industry. As a whole the main players in the industry such as GlaxoSmithKline Plc and Pfizer also have similar P/E ratios. The P/E ratio is higher in comparison to other companies in the same industry. This is due to many reasons, firstly AZNs dividend policy has remained consistently high for a number of years and as a result the citys assessment of AZNs quality of earnings and business prospects has an impact on the P/E ratio. Secondly, the company as a whole has endured consistent growth and the companys previous track record has again impacts the companys P/E ratio. Thirdly, the pharmaceutical industry as a whole has been less affected by the recent economic downturn in comparison to other industries, thus AZN has been able to maintain the level of share price and P/E ratio. Fourthly, another reason for the P/E ratio is also related to the companys balance sheet gearing whereby AZN has a low level of gearing in comparison to other companies. This low level of gearing has made the company more attractive to investors as less of their money is used to finance interest and debt repayments. Finally, since the merger of Astra Zeneca the average P/E ratio overall has increased this has been due to the upturn in company fortunes and prospects since the merger becoming one of the leading pharmaceutical companies in the world with a established senior management team committed to continuing success.

An argument paper on global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

An argument paper on global warming - Essay Example ".Skeptics consider global warming a myth, a fantasy or a Western agenda, but they might have no answer for the present Tsunami in Japan and floods in Australia, or the frequent droughts in any other part of the world. The global warming started since Industrial revolution. Industrial growth, automated transportation, mechanized agriculture since industrial revolution has lead to the production of poisonous gases like chloro fluoro carbons, which have formed a thick layer on the upper atmosphere of earth leading to the rise in temperature. Industrial wastes, deforestation, burning of coal and petroleum products, green house gases emission have aggravated the effects. GREEN HOUSE GASES: Greenhouse gases have the ability to absorb and hold the heat of the atmosphere, this phenomenon is called green house effect. Green house Writer 2 gases form a sort of warm air blanket that actually helps in sustaining the present ecosystem. Major Green house gases are Carbon dioxide, (CO2), Methane ( CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2o) and fluorinated gases. Carbon dioxide is produced by burning of fossil fuels, solid waste and wood products whereas methane is emitted during coal, natural gas and oil production, methane emissions are also produced from livestock and other agricultural practices, and nitrous oxide is the product of agricultural and industrial activities whereas fluorinated carbons contribute in depletion of ozone layer. As the earth’s climate is variable it is not exactly possible to determine the cause of damage – Is it the human activities or the rising concentration of green house gases- however. A National Research Council study dated May 2001, stated, â€Å"Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and sub-surface ocean temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes is also a reflection of natural variability.† THE CARBONDIOXIDE EMISSON: Carbon dioxide is the main constituent in the carbon cycle known as photosynthesis- Plants, algae, cynobacteria absorb CO2, sunlight, and water to produce carbohydrate energy for their survival in which oxygen is generated as a waste product. Living beings emit CO2 in their respiratory process. It is also produced as by-product of combustion, by volcanoes, hot springs and natural geysers. The content of CO2 in the atmosphere is 388ppm by volume that varies with the changing season; human activities have definitely increased the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Charles D Keeling was a pioneer in the monitoring of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. He explains, â€Å"Atmospheric mixing ratios for carbon dioxide are now higher than at any time in Writer 3 The last 800,000 years, standing at 380 parts per million (ppm) c ompared to a pre-industrial high of 280ppm. The current rate of increase is around 2ppm per year† (Keeling Curve) INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT: Man has tremendous potential for construction and –Destruction as well. He has tried to become a God by trying to bring changes in the natural processes of nature. These

Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Environmental Issues - Essay Example Roberts who believes that the hazards of DDT are misrepresented by the activists while in fact it proves to have saved the lives of many. Three Main areas of Disagreement between Anne Platt McGinn and Donald R. Roberts are as follows - McGinn states that the toxic DDT should only be used in an emergency to treat diseases while more environmentally friendly methods such as bed-nets, anti-malarial drugs, improving living conditions and eradication of insect breeding sites should be used. Roberts claims that the steps to eradicate Malaria by proper drains and larviciding only happen in principal cities, while the mainly affected rural areas remain vulnerable. McGinn claims that insects became resistant to DDT when ingested while Roberts claims that DDT acts only as a repellant. McGinn says ‘In order to control a disease, why should we poison our soils, our waters and ourselves?’ (Pg.289) Donald reacts by stating Science Magazine that species did not go extinct and DDT level s had declined after its use was stopped. DDT only reaches a concentration in water of 1.2 parts per billion, so the claim that it causes the death of algae is false. Birds and sea lions have not declined due to DDT as claimed, while in reality statistics have proven their increase during the use of DDT. c) After a lot of research done on the subject, I comply with the Donald’s ideology and therefore prefer the use of DDT to save humans because all other claims against DDT have no solid proof of its dangers. ISSUE 17 – Environmental Hormone Mimics a) Environmental Hormone Mimics are ‘Xenobiotic’ chemicals that have been found to mimic or disrupt the reproductive hormones such as estrogen. These chemicals are known to alter the reproduction of wildlife along with creating severe health problems like cancer in humans. The controversy is whether these claims are true or are magnified falsifications. b) According to Professor of Biological Sciences, Michele Tr ankina, ‘hormone mimics’ disrupt ‘everything from fish gender to human fertility’ (World & I Journal, 2001) (Easton, 2011, Pg.319) while Michael Gough, a biologist argues that these claims are only supported by â€Å"junk science†. (Endocrine Disrupters,Politics,Pesticides, the Cost of Food and Health, " , 1997) Michele Trankina states that there has been a radical decrease in ‘sperm count’, an increase in testicular cancer and defective genetalia in men due to this. Gough states that these claims ‘fell apart’ when scientists found large geographical variations in sperm counts that did not change over time. Trankina points out to the increase in breast cancer in women as a result of exposure to the hormone mimics, while Michael Gough dismisses these claims by stating that there was no proven evidence to any of these claims even though many researches had been carried out. Puberty in girls has decreased from the age 12 and 13 to 7 years of age due to exposure to xenoestrogens in water, food, creams and plastics according to Trankina. But Gough states that results of the Tulane paper researched by Dr. McLachlan himself on the toxicity levels of pesticides came back as negative. c) Due to lack of evidence and proof on the role of hormone mimics in the environment, I support Gough’

Consulting Project Plan - Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Consulting Project Plan Executive Summary Essay My name is Lisa. I am a consultant from Hexi Consultation Firm. My expertise lies in interpersonal, training, and sales consultations. I was brought in by Mr. Joseph Wilson, your CEO, to research what he believed to be the company problem, diagnose it, and come up with a solution. First, I want to let each and everyone one know that I am here to help. I am here to help not only find out what has gone wrong but to help those who this is affecting come out of this with a better way of operating his/her department or duties, improve interpersonal relationships, insure everyone knows how to perform their job by providing him/her with the necessary material and training possible. Along the way, I want each person to who I interact with to feel free to question a statement, a recommendation, or a decision. We will be in this project together. I want everyone involved to understand this is your workplace, your home away from home, your livelihood. I am here to help improve the environment and conditions in which it operates. Upon completion of this project, I want everyone to feel that the changes made were fore the best and made this company a better place to work. How we achieve that will be by: * Creating a Communication Plan * Scheduling and conducting meeting for areas where research and change are involved. * Organize and Conduct a Feedback Meetings * Corporate and Regional * Beginning to End of Project * Devise an Implementation Plan I look forward to the opportunity to work alongside of everyone involved.

William Goldings Animal Farm :: William Golding Animal Farm Essays

William Golding's Animal Farm On the first page of the book there is immediately a link to the adult world and the civilization that has been adapted there. There is a reference to the "Home Counties". This shows that already, the writer is telling the reader of the links that may be made throughout the book about the adult world and its comparisons to the life in the jungle. Societies operate in many different ways and there are many factors that influence this fact. In the book Golding tries to highlight what these factors are and how they cause disruption and peace within a society. By approaching this from different angles the reader is able to get a better outline of what Golding is trying to represent and can therefore fully appreciate the wonders of his writings. One of the angles that he approaches the way societies operate from is by using the leader as an example. Throughout the duration of the book there is a feeling of complete rivalry as the two main contenders 'fight' for the right to be the leader of all other boys on the island. Jack and Ralph are constantly attempting to better one anther but in ways that only they can fulfill. In the first chapter of the book the reader sees a very democratic system employed by the boys. This is to elect a leader and therefore a fair vote is counted. Despite this being the fairest possible way of concluding a leader Jack is not at all happy with the outcome. "and the freckles on Jack's face disappeared under a blush of mortification". This shows that Jack expected to be elected as the chief of the group. As Ralph could see that that Jack was upset by the outcome of this election he immediately offered Jack the control of the choir. In foresight this could be one of the worst things that was accidentally and un-intentionally done by Ralph. This is because there is an instantaneous division of the two groups, which later on destroy all form of civilization that has been built. From this initial decision to elect Ralph as the leader there is a bitter rivalry built up between him and Jack Merridew, leader of the choir/hunters. The main reason for this is Jack's jealousy overcoming him. He does not realize that his authority in the adult world does not necessarily transfer onto the island where normal rules do not apply and it is just a matter of survival. Because of this contention between Ralph and Jack matters start to become worse and the whole fiasco spirals out of

Care and Administration of Medicines

Candidate's Name: Company: Date: Please write your name, in the blocks provided, as clearly as possible. The date should be written in the AD/MM/HAY format. This will ensure your certificate has the correct spelling and date. V. 021 1 @ Redeemer Publications Limited 201 1 Care & Administration of Medicines Index Page 2 Unit One Introduction & Legislation Pages 3 – 6 Unit One Questions page 7 Unit Two What are Medicines / Methods of Administration Pages 8- 13 Unit Two Questions Page 14 Unit Three Prescribing & Monitoring pages 15- 17 Unit Three QuestionsPage 18 unit Four Policies & Procedures / Administration pages 19- 25 Unit Four Questions Page 26 N. B: We are aware that official practice is to use the terms â€Å"service users† or â€Å"people using this service† to describe those receiving care. We prefer the term â€Å"client' and use it throughout our training package. Key: worksheet important example 2 please note unit One Introduction As of February 2006 nearly half of all nursing and care homes were failing to meet the minimum standard Of safe handling Of medicines. The principles for the safe handling of medicines do not vary depending on hype of care offered, people cared for or size of business.Your home, and you, have a duty of care to properly handle medication and to support your clients to take their medicines safely The majority of people living in care homes take some kind of medicine. Some will be administering their own medication; others may take medicines that can only be administered by trained doctors and nurses. As a care worker you will need to be familiar with the medicines taken by your clients and you may even be trained to administer a number of them; you should be aware of issues concerning their control and must have knowledge of your home's own policies and procedures.As a career you are most likely to be administering medicines that are taken by mouth, inhaled or applied to the skin; you may also receive sp ecific training to use suppositories and to carry out certain types of injection. Clients requiring medicines that cannot be administered by you should, unless they are clandestineness be treated by doctors and / or nurses. This course is designed as an introduction to the care and administration of medicines. It will make you think about the type of destined used in your Care home and the reasons for their use; it will also look at how they need to be controlled and administered.Medicines can be highly dangerous substances and as such must be carefully controlled. It is essential that only competent staff administer medications and that there are suitable in-house policies and procedures for the safe storage and use of all medicines in the home. Staff administering medications must have received appropriate training that must include: Basic knowledge of how medicines are used and how to recognize and deal with problems in useThe principles behind all aspects of the homes policy on medicine handling and records Administration of medication must be carried out by a designated, appropriately trained member of staff and should be witnessed by a second designated, appropriately trained member of staff. 3 In essence the members Of staff responsible for the administration Of medication should have enough knowledge and experience to carry out the task safely and efficiently. All staff must receive in-house training on policies and procedures relevant to their workplace. This may form part of the induction programmer and must be updated regularly.Health and social care Act 2008 Regulation 13 Health and Social Care Act 2008 (regulated activities) Urge lotions 2010 (OUTCOME 9: Management of medicines) ‘The registered person must protect service users against the risks associated with the unsafe use and management of medicines, by means of the making of appropriate arrangements for the obtaining, recording handling, using, safekeeping, dispensing, safe administrati on and disposal of medicines used for the purposes of the regulated activity. ‘ Managers must: Make sure a person-centered approach is taken regarding medication Manage riskFollow relevant guidelines Promote rights and choices Us port clients appropriately Ensure staff are competent Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Appropriate measures must be taken to ensure the safety of all staff and anyone who may be affected by work practices. Medications are hazardous substances therefore their use must be risk assessed and safe procedures should be implemented. Adequate training must also be available. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 Medicines can cause ill health if they are given in incorrect amounts, administered by the wrong method or given to the wrong person.Clients, staff and even visitors may be at risk. 4 Employers must: Ensure correct storage of medicines Provide information sheets about the hazards associated with each type of medicine Provide appropriate per sonal protective equipment e. G. Gloves Employees must: Handle medicines according to in-house policies Make themselves aware of associated hazards use personal protective equipment where provided Safe administration of medicines is a vital part of care homes' responsibilities for their clients' welfare. Both over and under medication can be signs of career abuse and willful or accidental neglect.Clients should receive appropriate medication whether they are self-administering or dependent on staff; you must also be able to account for all medication received in the home. You must be able to demonstrate that all medications have been stored, used and disposed of appropriately, failure to do so could result in investigation and, where necessary, prosecution. Medicines are hazardous substances and may have a high value, in-house policies and procedures must protect against misuse, abuse, theft and accidental harm.As it is important for you to encourage your clients' independence effor ts would be made to support them in controlling their own medication. Decisions as to who is able to do this will be made jointly between the client, their family, doctors and care staff; there should be ongoing monitoring of the situation to prevent clients suffering if they become more forgetful or fail to recognize the importance of taking their medication. It may be considered an invasion of privacy to check up on clients each time they are supposed to have taken medication. Monitoring should be discreet and appropriate.Clients who are able to self-administer must be provided with a lockable rawer or cupboard for safe storage of their medicines; in case of problems occurring there must be a fall back policy to allow care staff to access this drawer or cupboard with the client's permission. Any clients who are mentally able to choose are free to buy their own remedies for minor ailments, they should be supported to do this and encouraged to discuss options with the pharmacist. It is important that staff take care of the needs of other, less independent, clients when they suffer from complaints such as coughs, colds and headaches.The home may keep a tock of over the counter treatments from a list that has been compiled with the assistance of clients' Gap's and the pharmacist, policies must exist for their safe administration and there should be procedures in place for recording their receipt, storage and use. 5 Complementary or alternative treatments may only be used with the informed consent of the client or a person authorized to speak on their behalf. Advice should be sought from the pharmacist regarding the possibility Of reactions between these remedies and any prescription medicines being taken.Some personal control over medication is better than none at all, so for example if a client suffering from arthritis is unable to open containers staff should be able to provide help but medicines may still be retained in the client's own room. A client may be able to apply creams but decide to let staff administer tablets etc. Clients who become forgetful or lack understanding may be given 24 hours medication in a compliance aid. 6 1 . Give two examples of hazards associated with medicines. 2. 2. If you are going to administer medication what training should you have received? . What does self-administration mean? 4. In your opinion why is it important to encourage and support solidification's? 5. Who is responsible for the administration of medication in your workplace? 7 What are Medicines? Dictionary Definitions: Medicine – 1. Any substance used to treat or prevent disease or illness, esp.. Taken internally. 2. The science or practice of treating or preventing illness esp.. Using prepared substances rather than surgery. Drug – 1 . Any substance used in the treatment of disease 2. Any substance taken (esp.. Illegally) for its affect on the mind 3. Anything craved for There are ore than 5,000 substances that can be classed as medicines; the definition of medicine as something that can treat or prevent disease may be applied to prescription drugs, over the counter remedies, herbal preparations, vitamin and mineral supplements and even foods. Think about the sort footings that you use for medicinal purposes; how do you deal with headaches, what if you're feeling a bit down? Do you take anything to keep you healthy? Do you use anything that might be considered ‘alternative' such as herbal remedies? How do you know that the medicines which you use are safe?Development of Medicines Originally all medicines came from natural, mainly plant, sources; today with advances in science and technology conventional medicines are a mixture of refined plant sources and chemical compounds. Chemists are constantly trying to create new substances that will be more effective in treating and preventing illness. Below are some examples of medicines derived from natural sources with comments concerning their use and p otential problems : 8 Aspirin made from willow bark and used for pain relief, as an nondiscriminatory, to reduce temperature and to lower blood pressure.Aspirin thins the blood and an cause stomach ulcers. Morphine made from poppies it is used for pain relief and sleep induction. Morphine is highly addictive and may cause serious breathing problems. SST John's Worth used for a variety of reasons including as an anti-depressant it can cause diarrhea, may turn skin yellow and has been suspected Of increasing depression in certain individuals. Attainment a cancer treatment made from yew tree clippings. Penicillin a type of mould used as an antibiotic that can cause serious allergic reactions.As the above list shows ‘natural' remedies are no less effective than chemical impounds nor are they any safer. As new medicines are developed they are rigorously tested often over a period of six to ten years, if shown to be medically effective and safe to use the Committee on Safety of Medi cines (SCM) will approve them for marketing. Classes of Medicine While some medicines can only be obtained from a pharmacist, others are more readily available. Care must be taken with all medicines but some are more strictly controlled than others.SSL – General Sales List -? these medicines can be purchased in all kinds of places including grocery stores and garages. These products are unlikely to cause harm if taken according to instructions but their quantity may be limited as, for example, happens with painkillers (e. G. Paramedical) which are sold in boxes of 12 with restrictions on the number of boxes that can be bought. P – Pharmacy medicines – also known as over the counter (ETC); these may only be sold in a pharmacy under the supervision of a pharmacist.The pharmacist, or staff, will check the suitability of the medication by asking questions about the patient, their health problem and any Other medicines they may be taking. POMP – Prescription O nly Medicines – medicines that are expensed by a pharmacy in accordance with a prescription written by a doctor, dentist or specially qualified nurse. CDC – Controlled Drugs – prescription only medicines which have certain properties, such as addictiveness, which mean that stricter controls are necessary. How do Medicines Work?Even with today's increased knowledge scientists are still unable to say exactly how all drugs work, however, loosely speaking effects can be split into three main categories; those that replace chemical deficiencies, those that interfere with cell function and others that act against invading organisms and abnormal cells. 9 1 . Replacement of chemical deficiencies Examples: vitamin injections insulin hormone replacement When the body cannot properly produce its own chemical requirements they may be given artificially.The downside of this approach is that artificial supplements may reduce the body chances of producing its own in the future and in cases such as the use of vitamin tablets and injections the effects may not be as beneficial as if they were achieved through a healthy diet. 2. Interfering with cell function painkillers These types of medication either block the action of hormones or slow them r, alternatively, they block the transmission of messages through the nervous system.

Globalization and Social Work - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3020 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Globalization Essay Social Work Essay Did you like this example? Globalization affects nations all over the world and is currently one of the most talked about concepts regarding the future of the economy. Globalization is a blanketed term that encompasses the integration of economies in several different ways. One such way is the incorporation of like ideologies across a massive span of consumers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Globalization and Social Work" essay for you Create order To get these messages across to the intended population, as well as produce the means to effectively become a global concept, many societies must significantly alter their previous way of living to accommodate the changes globalization brings. These changes affect the indigenous populations of these regions in both positive and negative ways. When disparity arises, it is the economical defects globalization has on the indigenous population that is highlighted most. This is where social workers find their services needed in international advocacy, policy change, and the advancement of social welfare. This paper will look at how globalization interferes with indigenous practices, and what roles social workers play in solving international crises arisen because of transnational interference. What is Globalization? (#1) Globalization is the idea that the many workings of a society such as business concepts, governments, trends, etc. should be integrated into other cultures and populations on a global scale (DiNitto Johnson, 2016). The reasons for transcending these concepts internationally vary between economical gain and the promotion of human advancement. The concept of globalization takes on several meanings as its definition depends on the perspective. From an economic standpoint, globalization is the transference of production processes from one industrialized country to another. It is also seen as the liberation of international finance systems and is attributed to cost reductions of transportation and communications (Lyons, 2006). Other perspectives have focused on the definition of globalization as being a broader term, encompassing a myriad of foreign influences that alter practices and extend relationships to other states and countries. Globalization has extended an interconnectedness of goods to countries all over the world. Places like McDonalds were once small businesses that were only found in a few cities across the United States. Now there are thousands of McDonalds spread across hundreds of countries (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). Where once it took companies decades to expand their business to other countries, the evolution of industry and technology has now allowed startup companies to expand businesses oversees within a short period of time. The same can be seen for the automotive industry and the spread of car ownership. Detroit used to be the capital of the automotive industry, but once vehicle production was moved oversees, cars became common commodities. Globalization is directly correlated with the expansion of well-known empires and continues to be an integral part of corporate expansion. The most associated institutions of globalization are the World Bank, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The World Bank funds capital projects on an international level (Polack, 2004). This institutions main objective is to promote development in underdeveloped countries. The World Bank typically funds projects by lending money to the political elites of these countries, as it strongly favors strong dictatorships (Jordan, 2008). The WTO differs from the World Bank in that this institution specifically focuses on global trade rules between countries, which helps foster trade (Polack, 2004). Commercial interests supersede any foreseen barriers to global expansion, which means the rights of the people are not always acknowledged, if acknowledged at all (Jordan, 2008). This unfortunate view of global development shines an ill-fated light on the values of the monetarily elite. The IMF maximizes financial stability by playing a central role balan cing the payments and financial crises of international trade (Polack, 2004). All three of these institutions play an integral part of globalization financing. The Myth of Globalization (#6) There is a consensus by many that globalization is a myth; that it is merely a neo-liberal fa? §ade of recycled capitalist ideations (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). To understand the myth, it is important to first recognize what neoliberalism means. Neoliberalism favors free-market capitalism by acting as a philosophical foundation for how a capitalist world should function. The neo-liberalist seeks personal gain in every transaction of their life and does not see a welfare state as contributing to the success or overall wellbeing of the economy (Polack, 2004). Globalization claims that it addresses the need of many by bringing transport systems and communications technology to countries that would otherwise never have had the access (Lyons, 2006). What is not mentioned is the lack of a minimum wage and barbaric work schedules that contribute to the conception of these projects (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). There a few other reasons why globalization is considered a myth by critics. The first is that the elites associated with the global economy boast that there has been a reduction in income inequality when in fact, quite the opposite is true (Polack, 2004). Research shows that the gap between the poor and the elite have grown extensively in the last 25 years. Another myth that has been proven false is that the profits made through globalization trickles down to the poorest part of the population. While this has been proven to be true in a handful of countries, it is not true for all of them (the US included). One of the greatest debated myths regarding globalization is that trade is what is responsible for inequality. In truth, it is not so much trade that is to blame for earning inequality, rather it is a combination of concepts including lack of education, the increase of technology, and the decline of labor unions that create economic hardship (Polack, 2004). Globalization Success (#3) There are some key elements of globalization that can be viewed as successful, having caused beneficial improvements in what were previously penurious regions. It is important to note that the accomplishments of globalization are relative and have been the cause of scrutiny among many in the helping field (Jordan, 2008). One of the first major developments of globalization was the conception of transport systems (Lyons, 2006). Airplanes, ships, and trains are just a few of the mass transport systems that have connected friends, families, and new experiences to those who would have otherwise remained immobile in their lifetime. This type of transportation gave the world an accessible means of traveling never before seen. Mass transport has assisted in exposing culture and unfamiliar practices to others all over the world, contributing to the blossoming of cultural enlightenment. As for business relations, mass transport has made shipping goods and services faster and more efficient fo r both the producer and consumer. Another major development that has caused similar achievements through globalization is information technology (Lyons, 2006). This technology grew from telegraphs and Morse code to telephones, fax, email, and smart phones. The interconnectedness that this technology has on the world is phenomenal. No longer does it take a three-day ride on a horse to deliver a message to a person in another city. People from all over the world can simply pick up a telephone and make contact to another person on the other side of the globe. This technology has provided a means for emergency response, and ways to efficiently rely crucial information to intended recipients in an instant. As with the transport systems, this technology has globally given people the freedom to travel without fear of losing contact with the important systems in their life. Also like transport systems, information technology strengthens business relations by offering an easier way for communication to be made for various cor porate handlings. Industrial, medical, and technological advances proved to be another globalization success that has helped indigenous people over time (Lyons, 2006). Farming became easier and productivity increased with the movement industrial inventions have had across the globe. Better farm equipment, agricultural scientific breakthroughs, and the spread of these advancements through mass transport and communications are helping to feed people all over the world. Medical advances are combating once debilitating diseases/afflictions such as polio, cancer, and HIV, which at one time were a death sentence (Jordan, 2008). The progress in technology has also been a staple in assisting with lifesaving medical machinery and other integral inventions concerning the social welfare of global inhabitants. Many of these breakthroughs have stretched across the world and have in some ways created a stronger nation. However, it still leaves a person to wonder at what cost these breakthroughs are being made. Globalization Failings (#4) Having looked at the successes of globalization, it is important to reference the negative impact and failings of globalization as well. Three flaws that stand out more than others are the global debt crisis, the labor exploitation of the Global South, and the general happiness in relation to both sides of the corporate spectrum (Polack, 2004). The global debt crisis has been regarded as responsible for most of the shortcomings related to globalization. The reasoning for this is attributed to the loans given by the World Bank and other northern financial institutions to the countries of the Global South (Jordan, 2008). The Global South were a collection of countries that were not as affluent as Europe, Spain, or France during the 1400s. Countries in the Global South received these loans to implement large-scale infrastructure projects just after World War II (Polack, 2004). Unfortunately, these projects either failed or only advanced the elite and/or interests of corporations located in the north. This left the people of the Global South still responsible for all accrued debt. The debt accrued from the loans provided by the northern investors directly contributed to the globalization defect regarding the labor exploitation of the Global South (Polack, 2004). Many of the inhabitants of the Global South were displaced, driven into deeper poverty, and forced to scapegoat the responsibility of repaying the debt. The people of these populations have resorted to establishing free trade zones (FTZs) to compete with other countries for outside capital and labor income. This is a big win for outside corporations because they dont have barriers such as child labor laws or minimum wage to deal with. These companies also get away with not having to pay as much for taxes and tariffs on commodities within FTZs. This not only exploits the laborers of these countries by not paying them near what they should (some accrue what is equivalent to less than a US $1 per day), but also by working children and adults excruciatingly long hours (Jordan, 2008). Dealing with extreme poverty and debt (especially when it is accrued by the hand of others) and slave-like labor is a burden that many in the Global South are still experiencing to this day (Polack, 2004). What is interesting is that studies show that countries whose focus is not on increased individual incomes have higher averages of subjective well-being (SWB) than what would normally be predicted for countries living in turmoil (Jordan, 2008). The reason this is a weakness in globalization is because of the supposed purpose for expanding processes of production to poor countries. Supporters of globalization gloat that this expansion creates economic growth and while that may be true for some parts of the world, many have not experienced that part of the deal. It seems that the values of the globalization supporters lean more towards individual gain, and in no way towards those who are not in the same standing as the economically elite. Civil Society (#10) Promoting human welfare and advocating for social justice are two key principals in the composition of social work. There are values to globalization that stand out as positive and are contributing to the advancements for a better society, but as previously discussed, there are also many failings that are causing great need for the practice of social work on a global scale. Social workers have partnered with many of these communities by means of civil societies. A civil society acts as a middle ground between the state and the market (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). These societies can range from members of a bowling league to large congregations of disenfranchised populations. Civil societies are also referred to as a third sector, with their function being to collaborate and listen to their people and communicate the needs of the society to advocators that can promote positive change within the community. Social workers are increasingly becoming global advocators. Social workers and civi l societies partner to dismantle the structural inequality caused by globalization and enhance opportunities for the disadvantaged populations of those regions. A civil society can only promote positive change if there is some form of social capital present. Social capital is the reciprocity between two or more individuals by means of cooperation (Jordan, 2008). Without some sort of agreements between civil societies and the State, there is no democracy and will therefore not lead to change. When social capital is present and thriving among troupes involved in a civil society, transformations such as enhanced healthcare and better work conditions will begin to appear (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). Unions are a great example of how this entire process works. The workers of the company are a society and the owners of the company are the elite. Both want something out of the relationship; workers want to be paid and the elite want to run a successful business. If there is social capital present, the union acts as the mediator between the two entities to protect the workers and to also work with the owners (Jordan, 2008). This system fosters a worki ng relationship and helps both parties obtain what they need. The world would be a better place if civil societies and social capital were the norm of economical operations (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). Unfortunately, it is not that way and globalization does not help. What happens when there is no social capital and the workers are not protected by rules and regulations like those in FTZs? Well, exactly what is currently happening in countries all over the world. Places known as sweatshops use laborers that are paid little to no money to work atrocious hours in free trade zones (Polack, 2004). Most billion-dollar companies in the US, including Disneyland and Walmart, utilize sweatshops in the FTZ regions to this day. Americans and other elitist countries alike have historically placed a blind eye about where their clothes and electronics are manufactured. There are no social workers or authorities to act as mediators and advocators in many of these places to stand up for the workers and help them get the resources or the compensation they need an d deserve. In places like America where there are labor laws that protect minimum wage, hours worked, and child labor regulations, the citizens are nave about what is happening in places that do not share those resources. The state of affairs caused by globalization weaknesses across the globe place a greater emphasis on the need of social workers than ever before. The field of social work is composed of caring, intellectual individuals that have a passion to promote social welfare within a society. With the plethora of adversities the world is currently facing, social workers have much to contribute (Jordan, 2008). A social worker wears many hats to accomplish countless tasks, but none are more important than their ability to access the value in others. This is noticeably needed in places where people are not able or allowed to see their potential or worth (Powell Geoghegan, 2005). A social worker will stand beside those who cannot stand for themselves and bring the much-needed attention and resources needed to help guide those in need toward a direction of prosperity. Think Globally, Act Locally (#11) There are many ways in which globalization could improve practices all over the world. The phrase think globally, act locally holds two enlightening connotations that provide answers to some of the most prominent problems associated with globalization. , and what social workers and Concentrating globalization back to the local workings of the San Joaquin Central Valley is is highlighting the agricultural importance of exportation. The ethics of the social work practice have evolved with globalization to now include promotion of general welfare to societies both at the local and global level (Polack, 2004). Think globally, act locally as it pertains to social workers consists of the education and knowledge gained by international studies and cultural diversity training. Thinking locally in this context has two meanings. The first refers to the local population of immigrants and how social workers can educate themselves on the cultural values and practices of these particular clients. The clients will better succeed if they are understood and partake in interventions that better suit their cultural identity. The other connotation of think globally, act locally pertains to the efforts of social workers internationally. It is important that social workers understand the practices of cultures they are working with on a global scale and be cognizant of not pushing American beliefs into their culture. knowledge transfer, the labor market, and cultural awareness Social work on a global scale is an important concept to think about as the population grows larger, companies spread their enterprises farther, and cultural competency of social workers expand deeper. While globalization has helped drive several types of advancements throughout out the globe, there are several drawbacks in the ways globalization affects indegenious populations. Globalization is not necessarily bad a thing if rules and regulations were considered and met by partnering with representatives of each region. As companies look to globalize their businesses, they should also think locally about the cultures of the people who live there and what ramifications are made with their business intervening in place where they were their first. Social workers are great advocators for enlightening these business about the value of social welfare when capital gain is what is shading their eyes. The more social capital created within these regions and with the players in the game Glob alization one day be a positive concept shared by all. References DiNitto Johnson (2016). Social welfare politics and public policy (8th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Jordan, B. (2008). Social work and world poverty. International Social Work. 51 440-452. Lyons, K (2006). Globalization and social work: International and local implications. British Journal of Social Work, 36, 365-380 Polack, R. (2004). Social justice and the global economy: New challenges for social work in the 21st Century. Social Work, 49, 281-290. Powell, F., Geoghegan, M. (2005). Reclaiming civil society: The future of global social work. European Journal of Social Work, 8, 129-144.